Current Electricity
Electric current, drift velocity and mobility; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, I-V characteristics (Linear and Non-linear), electrical conductivity and classification of materials, superconductivity; carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors, series and parallel combinations of resistances and equivalent resistor. Temperature dependence of resistance, internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and e.m.f. of a cell, series and parallel combinations of cells, Electric power, thermal effect of current and Joule’s law. Kirchhoff laws and their simple applications. Wheatstone bridge and applications, Meter Bridge, potentiometer- principle and application to measure potential difference and for comparing e.m.f.

Electromagnetic induction, Faradays law, Induced e.m.f. and current, Lenz’s law. Introduction to Inductors, impedance of inductors, Capacitors, Capacitance of capacitors and LCR circuits.

Electronics
Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junction semiconductor, diode- characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier, photo diode, LED, zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of transistor, Transistor as a switch, Amplifier in Common Emitter arrangement, and oscillator. Operational amplifiers; feedback-amplifiers (inverting, non-inverting). Digital Electronics; binary logic, Boolean Algebra, number systems, conversion from decimal to binary, binary coded decimal (BCD), binary addition, laws and rules of Boolean Algebra, truth tables, logic symbols, logic implementation, shape of gates, combinational logic circuits.

Waves and Vibrations
Free Vibrations; Simple harmonic oscillations (SHO), Energy of SHO, Amplitude, Velocity and Power Resonance, bandwidth. Waves; Displacement, Intensity, wave front, Superposition. Wave Phenomena; Doppler Effect, Dispersion, Phase and Group velocities, Beats. Amplitude and Frequency modulations. Transverse and Longitudinal Waves; Reflection and transmission, Ripple tank. Intensity and pressure amplitudes. Waves in transmission lines. Sound Waves; Properties of Sound and their Perception: Loudness, Relationship between energy and amplitude, Threshold of Hearing (TOH), Threshold of Pain, Physics of Human Ear, dB(A) scale.

• Giancoli, D. C. (1998). Physics, Prentice Hall.
• Floyd, T. L. (2004). Electronic Devices, 6th Edition, Prentice-Hall International.
• David H., & Resnick, R. (1974). Fundamentals of Physics, John Wiley.
• Floyd, T. L. (1992). Digital Fundamentals, 6th Edition, Prentice-Hall International.
• Michael Nelkon, Philip Parker (1995). Advanced Level Physics, 7th Edition, Paperback, Heinemann International.

• Giancoli, D. C. (1998). Physics, Prentice Hall.
• David H., & Resnick, R. (1974). Fundamentals of Physics, John Wiley.
• Wolfson, R. and Pasachoff, J. M. (1961). Physics, Little Brown Co.
• Sears, F. W. (1951). Mechanics, Heat, and Sound, Addison Wesley Co.
• Feynman, R. P. (1964). Feynman Lectures on Physics.

Network theorems: Ohm’s law, Kirchoff laws, Mesh and Nodal analysis, Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, Superposition theorem. Introduction of using complex numbers in AC circuits, Current Electricity, Constant voltage source, Constant current source, Conversion of voltage source into equivalent current source and vice-versa, Loop equations and loop analysis, Maximum power transfer and matching theorems, Delta-star transformation, Star-delta transformation, Self inductance and mutual inductance, Series and parallel inductors, A/C Circuits of Inductors (L), capacitors (C) and resistors (R), Alternating current theory, Vector method for L-C-R series and parallel circuits, Power dissipation of L-C-R circuit, Power factor, quality factor, resonance and band width, AC bridges.

• Shepherd, J., Morton, A.H. & Spence, L.F. (1998). Higher Electrical Engineering, Prentice-Hall.
• Lurch, E.N. (1979). Electric Circuit Fundamentals, Prentice-Hall.
• Mithal, G.K. & Mittal, R. (1990). Basic semiconductor electronics.
• Carper, D. (1975). Basic Electronics, Charles E. Merrill Publishing.
• Mehta, V.K. (1997). Principles of electronics, S. Chand & Co.

• Tyler, F. (1977). A Laboratory Manual of Physics, Prentice Hall.

Special Theory of Relativity
Classical mechanics and its limitations, Galilean transformation, Michelson Morley experiment, Postulates of special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, Length contraction, Time dilation and Twin paradox, Relativistic velocity transformation, Relativistic dynamics, Equivalence of mass and energy, Space-time and geometrical representation.

Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Plasma state of matter; Discovery of the electron, Mass spectrometer, Interaction of radiation with matter, Structure of atom; Rutherford scattering, Bohr theory, Atomic spectra, X-rays, Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering. Structure of the nucleus, Nuclear stability, Nuclear binding energy, Radioactivity, Fission and fusion, Nuclear reactors, Nuclear reactions, Particle accelerators, Detection of charged particles, Cosmic rays, Elementary particles, Quark model, Basic building blocks of the universe.

• Schiff, L. I. (1965). Quantum Mechanics, Mc Graw-Hill Inc.
• Greiner, W. (1994). Quantum Mechanics, Springer.
• French, A. P. (1991). Special Relativity, Chapmon and Hall.
• Giancoli, D. C. (1998). Physics, Prentice Hall.
• Krane, K. S. (1988). Introductory Nuclear Physics, John Wiley.
• Burcham, W. E. (1973). An introduction to Nuclear Physics, Longman.
• David H., & Resnick, R. (1974). Fundamentals of Physics, John Wiley.

• Tylar, F. (1977). A Laboratory manual of Physics.

• Ohanian, H. C.(1989), Physics, Norton Publishing.

Optics
Reflection and refraction at spherical surfaces, Prisms, Dispersion, Thin lenses, Lens makers’ formula, Compound lenses, Thick lenses and lens formula, Aberration, Optical instruments. Hygen’s Principle. Interference of Light; Concept of Optical Path, Young’s Double Slit Experiment. Fresnel’s Biprism. Lloyd’s Mirror. Interference Involving Multiple Reflections. Formation of Newton’s Rings. Non-reflecting Films. Interferometers. Fraunhofer Diffraction; Single Slit, Double Slit, Diffraction Grating, Circular Aperture. Chromatic Resolving Power. Fresnel Diffraction; Fresnel’s Half-Period Zones, Vibration Curve, Circular Aperture, Circular Obstacle. Zone Plate. Cornu’s Spiral. Fresnel’s Integrals. Polarization of Light; Polarisation by Dichroic Crystals, Double Refraction, Interference and Analysis of Polarised Light. Lasers; Resonance Radiation. Production of Laser Light. Holography. Applications of Lasers.

• French, A. P. (9th edition). (1971). Vibrations and Waves, WW Norton & Company.
• Pain, H. J. (3rd edition). (1985). The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
• Subrahmanyyam, N. & Lal, B. (2nd edition). (2001). Waves and Oscillations, Vikas Publishing.
• Hecht, E. & Zajac, A. (1976). Optics, Addison-Wesley.
• Jenkins, F. A. & White, H. E. (1989). Fundamentals of Optics, McGraw-Hill.

• Amarasekara, C. D. and Punyasena, M. A. (1998). Physics Laboratory Manual.
• Worsnof, B. L and Flint, H. J. (1965). Advanced Practical Physics for Students, Jerrold & Sons Ltd.

Solids, liquids and gasses, atomic bonding, amorphous and crystalline solids, Lattices, Primitive Cell, Bravais Lattices, Crystal planes and Miller indices, Packing Arrays, simple Crystal Structures, X-ray diffraction techniques, Material and Structure identification, Form factor and Structure Factor, X-ray diffraction pattern calculation, Electrical Conductivity of materials, Drude’s model, Free electron theory, Density of states, Fermi level, Fermi-Dirac Distribution, Band theory of solids. Metals, Insulators and semiconductors, Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, n and p type doping.

Growth techniques of semiconductors. Fabrication of semiconductor devices; grown junction, alloyed junction, diffused junction, ion implantation, oxidation and film deposition, metallization, sputtering, lithography, IC fabrication. Chemical etching. IV and CV characteristics of a Schottky junction and a p-n junction. Ohmic contacts. Device characterization using; Hall effect, Four probe, IV, CV and Optical techniques. Diodes and transistors. Photonic devices; LED, lasers, photoconductors, photodiodes, solar cells, quantum well devices.

• Azroff, L. V. (1977). Introduction to Solids.
• Lovell, M. C., Avery, A. J. and Vernon, M. W. (1976). Physical Properties of Materials.
• Ashcroft, N. W. and Mermin, N. D. (1976). Solid State Physics, Saunders College.
• Streetman, B. (1995). Solid State Electronic Devices, Prentice Hall.
• Williams, R. E. (1984). Gallium Arsenide Processing Techniques, Artech House Inc.

Kinetic theory of gases; Ideal gas, Equation of state, Maxwell's velocity distribution, Molecular speed, Mean free path. Behaviour of real gases; Van der Waals' equation of state and Critical constants. Thermodynamics; Thermal equilibrium and Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Thermodynamic processes: Reversible, Irreversible, Adiabatic, Isothermal, Isobaric and Isomeric processes, Work, Quasi-static process, First law of thermodynamics, Heat engines; Carnot cycle, Refrigerator, Second law of thermodynamics, Theories of specific heat. Carnot theorem, Entropy, Change of states. Thermodynamic relations; Maxwell's relations and applications, Low temperature physics; Enthalpy, Joule-Thompson effect, Liquefaction of gases. Thermoelectricity. Thermal radiation: Blackbody radiation, Plank's theory of radiation.

• Zemansky, M. W. & Dittman, R. H. (6th edition). (1968). Heat and Thermodynamics, Mcgraw-Hill.
• Reynolds, W. C. (1968). Thermodynamics.

• Tylar, F. (1977). A Laboratory manual of Physics.
• Worsnof, B. L and Flint, H. J. (1965). Advanced Practical Physics for Students, Jerrold & Sons Ltd.
• Amarasekara, C. D. and Punyasena, M. A. (1998). Physics Laboratory Manual.

• Sears, F. W. (1951). Electricity and Magnetism, Addison-Wesley.
• Purcell, E. M. (1965). Electricity and Magnetism Berkeley Physics Course, McGraw-Hill.
• Jackson, J. D. (1975). Classical Electrodynamics, John Wiley.
• Feynman, R. P., Leighton, R. B. and Sands, M. (1964). Feynman Lectures on Physics (Volume II).

• Wolf, E. L. (2006). Nanophysics and Nanotechnology, Wiley-vch.
• Evoy, S. and Heflin, J. R. (2004). Introduction to Nanoscale Science and Technology, Springer.
• Novotny, L. and Hecht, B. (2006). Principles of Nano-Optics, Cambridge University Press.
• Shalaev, V. M. and Kawata, S. (2007). Nanophotonics with Surface Plasmons, Elsevier.

• Worsnof, B. L and Flint, H. J. (1965). Advanced Practical Physics for Students.
• Shepherd, J., Mortan, A. H. and Spence, L. F. (1998). Higher Electrical Engineering.
• Sears, F. W. (1951). Electricity and Magnetism, Addison-Wesley.

• Reading and reference materials recommended/provided by the relevant industry.

• Boeker, E. and van Grondelle, R., (1996). Environmental Physics, John Wiley & Sons.
• Mason, N and Hughes, P. (1998). Introduction to Environmental Physics.
• Ahrens, C. D., (1998). Essentials of Meteorology, Wadsworth Publishing.
• Turburk, E. J. and Lutgens, F. K. (1999). Earth.

• Berry, M. V. (1989). Principles of Cosmology and Gravitation, IOP publishing Ltd.
• Chaisson, E. and McMillan, S. (2002). Astronomy Today, John-Wiley.
• Giancoli, D. C. (1998). Physics, Prentice Hall.

• Worsnof, B. L and Flint, H. J. (1965). Advanced Practical Physics for Students.
• Shepherd, J., Mortan, A. H. and Spence, L. F. (1998). Higher Electrical Engineering.
• Sears, F. W. (1951). Electricity and Magnetism, Addison-Wesley.

• Messiah, A. (1985).Quantum Mechanics Volumes I and II, North-Holland.
• Schiff, L. I. (1965, 3rd Edition). Quantum Mechanics, McGraw-Hill.
• Greiner, W. (1994). Quantum Mechanics, Springer.

• Reif, F. (1985). Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics. McGraw-Hill.

• Millman, J. and Grabel, A. (1987). Microelectronics, McGraw-Hill.
• Floyd, T. L. (1997). Digital Fundamentals, Prentice-Hall.
• Smith, R. J. and Dorf, R. C. (1992). Circuits, Devices and Systems, John Wiley & Sons.
• Clayton, G and Winder, S. (2003). Operational Amplifiers, Newnes Publications.
• Crecraft, D. J. and Gorham, D. (2003). Electronics. Nelson Thornes Ltd.
• Horowitz, P. and Hill, W. (1997). The Art of Electronics, Cambridge University Press.
• Mano, M. M. (1993). Computer System Architecture, Prentice Hall.

• Pathria, R. K. (1974). The Theory of Relativity, Pergamon Press Ltd.
• Friedman, M. (1983). Foundation of Space-Time Theories: Relativistic Physics and Philosophy of Science
• French, A. P. (1991). Special Relativity, Chapmon and Hall.
• Thorne, K. S. (1994) Black Holes and Time Warps-Einstein's Outrages Legacy, W. W. Norton & Co.

• Worsnof, B. L and Flint, H. J. (1965). Advanced Practical Physics for Students, Jerrold & Sons Ltd.
• Whittle, R. M. and Yarwood, J. (1973). Experimental Physics for Students.

• Kittel, C.(1976). Introduction to Solid State Physics, John Wiley and Sons.
• Keer, H. V.(1993). Principles of the Solid State, John Wiley and Sons.
• Dekker, A. J.(1957). Solid State Physics, Prentice Hall.
• Ashcroft, N. W. and Mermin, N. D.(1976). Solid State Physics, Saunders College.

• Jackson, J. D. (1975). Classical Electrodynamics, John Wiley.
• Lorrain, P., and Corson, D. (1970). Electromagnetic Fields and Waves, W. H. Freeman & Co.
• Reitz, R. and Milford, F. J. (1967). 2nd Edition. Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory, Addison Wesley.

• Krane, K. S. (1988). Introductory Nuclear Physics, John Wiley & Sons.
• Frauenfelder, H., Henley, E. M. (1974) Subatomic Physics, Prentice Hall.
• Burcham, W. E. (1973) An introduction to Nuclear Physics, Longman.
• Halzen, F. and Martin, A. D. (1984). Quarks and Leptons: An Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics, John Wiley & Sons.
• Perkins, D. H. (1974). Introduction to High Energy Physics.
• Muirhead, H. (1965). The Physics of Elementary Particles, Pergamon Press.
• Tassie, L. J. (1973). The Physics of Elementary Particles, Longman.

• Berry, M. V. (1989). Principles of Cosmology and Gravitation, IOP publishing Ltd.
• Chaisson, E. and McMillan, S. (2002). Astronomy Today.
• Giancoli, D. C. (1998). Physics, Prentice Hall.
• Wienberger, S. (1976). The First Three Minutes.
• Friedman, M. (1983). Foundation of Space-Time Theories: Relativistic Physics and Philosophy of Science
• Thorne, K. S. (1994) Black Holes and Time Warps-Einstein's Outrages Legacy, W. W. Norton & Co.

• Atmospheric Physics
• Biophysics
• Cosmic rays
• Geophysics
• High Energy Particle Physics
• Introduction to Fibre Optics and Optical Fibre Communication
• Laser Physics
• Magnetic Materials
• Mathematical Modelling in Meteorology
• Medical Physics
• Nanoscience
• Physics of Sensors
• Physics of Telecommunication
• Plasma Physics
• Solar Physics
• Solid Electrolytes
• Superconductivity

• Reading material relevant to each topic will be given at the beginning of the course.

• Worsnof, B. L and Flint, H. J. (1965). Advanced Practical Physics for Students, Jerrold & Sons Ltd.
• Whittle, R. M. and Yarwood, J. (1973). Experimental Physics for Students.

• Reading material relevant for research topic/s.